Soal Latihan dan Jawaban Reading Comprehension 56

• By  Belajar Bahasa Inggris
• 24 March, 2012
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The development of jazz can be seen as part of the larger continuum of American

popular music, especially dance music. In the twenties, jazz became the hottest new

thing in dance music, much as ragtime had at the turn of the century, and as would

rhythm and blues in the fifties, rock in the fifties, and disco in the seventies.

 

(5)                But two characteristics distinguish jazz from other dance music. The first is

improvisation, the changing of a musical phrase according to the player’s inspiration.

Like all artists, jazz musicians strive for an individual style, and the improvise or

paraphrase is a jazz musician’s main opportunity to display his or her individuality.

In early jazz, musicians often improvised melodies collectively, thus creating a kind of

(10)    polyphony. There was little soloing as such, although some New Orleans players,

particularly cornet player Buddy Bolden, achieved local fame for their ability to improvise

a solo. Later the idea of the chorus-long or multichorus solo took hold. Louis Armstrong’s

instrumental brilliance, demonstrated through extended solos, was a major influence in

this development.

 

(15)              Even in the early twenties, however, some jazz bands had featured soloists.

Similarly, show orchestras and carnival bands often included one or two such “get-off”

musicians. Unimproved, completely structured jazz does exist, but the ability of the

best jazz musicians to create music of great cohesion and beauty during performance

has been a hallmark of the music and its major source of inspiration and change.

 

(20)              The second distinguishing characteristic of jazz is a rhythmic drive that was initially

called “hot” and later “swing”. In playing hot, a musician consciously departs from

strict meter to create a relaxed sense of phrasing that also emphasizes the underlying

rhythms. (“Rough” tone and use of moderate vibrato also contributed to a hot sound.)

Not all jazz is hot, however, many early bands played unadorned published arrangements

(25)    of popular songs. Still, the proclivity to play hot distinguished the jazz musician from

other instrumentalists.

 

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